Rajah Rasiah
University of Malaya, Malaysia
Keywords: Malaysia, manufacturing, trade, productivity, deindustrialization
DOI: 10.5509/2011844715
This paper seeks to examine whether Malaysia is facing negative deindustrialization by examining value-added, trade and productivity trends over the period 1990-2005. The evidence produced in the paper is concrete enough to confirm that Malaysia is facing negative deindustrialization. While it is typical, as part of the process of structural change, to see a rise and fall in the share occupied by manufacturing in the GDP, the evidence shows that Malaysia is indeed facing premature deindustrialization with a trend slowdown in manufacturing value-added, trade performance and productivity since 2000. Not only has the trade performance of manufacturing been falling, manufacturing labour productivity has also slowed down, with the key sectors such as electric-electronics, textiles and transport equipment showing either negative or low productivity growth since 2000. Malaysian industrial policies have been fairly successful in connecting with the global value chains of multinationals and in developing resource-based industries, but have not achieved the same success in stimulating their transformation to high value-added activities. The lack of effective institutional change, partly explained by ethnic policies, is advanced as the prime reason for the setting in of negative deindustrialization in Malaysia.
通過研究1990-2005年間的增值生產、貿易和生產力的走向,本文試圖攷察馬來西亞是否面臨負面的去工業化。本文所提供的證據充分顯示,馬來西亞正面 臨著負面的去工業化。雖然作為結構變化過程的一部分,製造業在GDP中的比例有升降很平常,證據顯示馬來西亞的確面臨著過早的去工業化,尤其體現在自 2000年以來增值生產、貿易水平和生產力的衰退。下降的不僅是製造業的貿易水平,製造業的勞動生產力也在減弱。其中主要的行業如電子電器、紡織和交通工 具製造業的生產力自2000年以來都呈現負的或低增長。馬來西亞的工業政策在與多國的國際價值鏈連接及發展資源型工業方面是相當成功的,但在激發其工業向 高附加值生產活動轉變方面卻沒能取得同樣的成績。缺乏有效的工業轉變,其中一部分是由於民族政策的影響,是造成馬來西亞負面的去工業化的主要原因。
馬來西亞面臨著負面的去工業化嗎?
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