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Volume 82 – No. 4

East Asia Responds to the Rise of China: Patterns and Variations

Jae Ho Chung

DOI: 10.5509/2009824657

  • English Abstract
  • French Abstract

 

How is East Asia responding to the rising China? Pertinent literature suggests that explicit balancing or containment has been rare and engagement, if not appeasement, appears to be East Asia’s modus operandi. Yet, this study argues that certain, though subtle, variations are nevertheless discernible among the regional states in their responses to China’s ascent. Focusing on 15 East Asian states for the period of 2004- 2007, the article first presents a bird’s-eye view of East Asia’s responses to the rise of China. More specifically, inter-state variations are empirically demonstrated and four principal patterns—bandwagoning, hesitant hedging, active hedging and balancing—are distilled from the key responses of these 15 nations. The article then examines the sources of these inter-state variations, and argues that they are conditioned largely by three factors: alliances with the United States, regime characteristics and territorial disputes with China. The article concludes with some observations as to East Asia’s complex responses to the rise of China and their security implications for the region as a whole.

“L’Asie de l’Est réagit à l’essor de la Chine: modes et variations”

Comment l’Asie de l’Est réagit-elle face à l’essor de la Chine? Une littérature de pointe suggère qu’une stabilisation explicite ou un endiguement furent rares et que l’engagement, sinon l’apaisement, semblent être le mode opératif de l’Asie de l’Est. Cette étude soutient que certaines variations, si subtiles soient-elles, sont néanmoins visibles parmi les états régionaux par leurs réactions sur l’essor de la Chine. En se focalisant sur quinze états de l’Asie de l’Est de 2004 à 2007, l’article présente en premier lieu une vue d’ensemble des réactions de L’Asie de l’Est sur l’essor chinois. Plus spécifiquement, les variations entre états sont établies de manière empirique, parmi lesquels quatre modèles principaux : saisir l’occasion, se soustraire avec hésitation, se soustraire ouvertement, et réagir avec circonspection. Ces quatre modèles sont les résultats des réponses clé de ces 15 nations. Cet article examine ensuite l’origine de ces variations entre états et soutient qu’elle est largement conditionnée par trois facteurs: l’alliance avec les États-Unis, les caractéristiques du régime et les disputes territoriales avec la Chine. Il conclut avec quelques observations sur les réactions complexes de l’Asie de l’Est face à l’essor de la Chine ainsi que les répercussions sur la sécurité pour l’ensemble de la région.

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An International Review of Asia and the Pacific

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