Much of the urban growth in developing countries is taking place along infrastructure corridors that connect cities. The villages along these corridors are frenzied and contested sites for the consolidation and conversion of agricultural lands for urban uses. The scale of changes along these corridors is larger than the political jurisdiction of local governments, and new regional institutions are emerging to manage land consolidations at this corridor scale. This article compares two inter-urban highways in India and the hybrid regional institutions that manage them: the Bangalore- Mysore corridor, regulated by parastatals, and the Pune-Nashik corridor, by cooperatives. It traces the emergence of parastatals and cooperatives to the turn of the twentieth century, the ways in which these old institutions are being reworked to respond to the contemporary challenges of highway urbanization, and the winners and losers under these new institutional arrangements. I use the term “negotiated decentralization” to more accurately capture the back-and-forth negotiations between local, regional and state-level actors that leads to context-specific regional institutions like the parastatals and cooperatives.
公路城市化與土地衝突：分散治理在印度面臨的挑戰
許多發展中國家的城市增長都是沿著連接城市的基礎設施走廊推進的。這些走廊沿線的村莊是將農業用地合併及轉換為城市用地的過程中的熱點和爭議的場所。爾在這些走廊地帶所發生的變化也遠遠超越了地方政府政治管轄範圍方面的變化。在這些走廊地帶，管理土地整合的新的區域機構正在興起。本文比較了印度兩條城市間公路及管理它們的混合性區域管理機構：一個是由半國營機構管理的班加羅爾－邁索爾走廊，一個是由合作社管理的浦那－納西克走廊。本文追溯了在二十世紀之交半國營企業和合作社的出現，考察了這些舊機構如何被重新塑造以應對當代公路城市化的挑戰，以及這些新的制度安排產生的贏家和輸家。我用“協商的放權”一詞以更準確地表達地區、區域及國家的各種角色之間的往返協商，及其所產生的象半國營企業和合作社之類的特定區域機構。
Sai Balakrishnan