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Volume 82 – No. 1

Institutional Change in North Korean Economic Development Since 1984: The Competition Between Hegemonic and Non-hegemonic Rules and Norms Transition Dynamics

Jae-Cheon Lim

DOI: 10.5509/20098219

  • English Abstract
  • French Abstract

 

This paper examines North Korean economic and policy changes since 1984 from an institutional perspective by focusing on the following four critical junctures: the Law of the Management of Joint Ventures in 1984; the policy of special economic zones in 1991; the mass starvation from 1995 to 1998; and the Economic Improvement Measures in 2002. How did broad situational change play a role in the North Korean government’s policy changes and how did the policy changes contribute to institutional change in the North? Were there any policy conflicts among the North Korean elite? How did power struggles among the elite influence policy outcomes? The paper argues that a specific institutional area’s arrangement is broadly divided into two categories of rules and norms: one set of hegemonic and several sets of nonhegemonic rules and norms. The hegemonic rules and norms define the main features of an institutional order. Each set of non-hegemonic rules and norms compete with the hegemonic for the dominant status in institutional settings. This competition between hegemonic and non-hegemonic rules and norms functions as the medium of institutional development. Since 1984, the contention between hegemonic socialist and non-hegemonic capitalist rules and norms has defined economic institutional change in North Korea.

Changements institutionels du développement de la Corée du Nord depuis 1984: Rivalités entre les règlementationss et les normes hégémoniques et non-hégémoniques

Ce papier analyse la relance économique et politique de la Corée du Nord au niveau institutionnel depuis 1984 en se focalisant sur les quatres conjonctures décisives suivantes: les lois sur la gestion, les opérations conjointes en 1984; les politiques de zones économiques à statut spécial en 1991; la famine généralisée dans le pays de 1995 à 1998; et les mesures de relance économique en 2002. La question est de savoir comment un changement conjoncturel d’une telle envergure peut-il jouer un rôle dans les renouvellements politiques du gouvernement nord-coréen, et comment ces changements politiques ont-ils contribué à un changement institutionel dans le Nord? Y avait-il des conflits politiques au sein de l’élite nord-coréenne? Comment les luttes pour le pouvoir au sein de cette élite ont-elles pu influencer les résultats des politiques? Ce papier suggère que la mise en oeuvre d’un secteur institutionel particulier se divise entre deux catégories de réglementations et de normes: la première, fondée sur les réglementations et les normes non-hégemoniques revalise avec la seconde, fondée sur des réglementations et normes hégémoniques afin d’obtenir la position dominante au sein du cadre constitutionel. Cette rivalité entre les deux catégories fonctionne comme un catalyseur envers le développement institutionel. Depuis 1984, cette controverse entre les réglementations et les normes du socialisme hégémonique et celle des réglementations et normes capitalistes non-hégémoniques ont ete déterminantes pour le fait d’un changement économique institutionel en Corée du Nord.

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