Francis Leo Collins
National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
Keywords: International Students, Migration, Education Agents, New Zealand, South Korea
DOI: 10.5509/2012851137
The movement of international students represents an increasing component of contemporary population mobilities. Like other forms of migration, international student mobility takes place through a complex assemblage of actors and networks, including origin and destination states, educational institutions, families, friends and communities, and of course students themselves. In the midst of these arrangements education agents appear to occupy a pivotal position, serving as a bridge between student origins and study destinations in a manner that enables multiple movements across educational and geographic divides. Establishing and maintaining this important position in international student mobilities is a complex endeavour that requires agents to bridge the gap between a solely profit-oriented education industry and the social lives of students and their families. This paper investigates the position of agents in student mobilities by focusing on the development of export education activities since the early 1990s in New Zealand and the changing relationships of agents with the state, education providers and students. I trace the emergence of agents to the early liberalization of student mobility and educational provision but also note how agents became increasingly incorporated into a more formalized education industry as later governments engaged in more direct intervention and regulation of student flows and educational quality. To broaden this general overview of the role of agents the paper focuses on the specific activities and relationships of agents involved in the movement of South Korean international students. The paper concludes by highlighting the need for research on agents and other intermediaries to focus in more detail on the manner in which these actors mediate different sorts of relationships, between migration/education industries and migrant/student social networks as well as between changing state liberalization and intervention and emerging industry formations.
國際學生的流動代表了當代人口流動中的一個日益增長的部分。就像其它形式的移民一樣,國際學生的流動也是通過一個包括行為人和網絡的複雜組合體進行的,這其中包括出發地和目的地的國家、教育機構、家庭、朋友和社區,以及學生本人。在這些佈置中,教育中介佔據著關鍵的位置,起著連接學生來源地和學習目的地的橋樑作用,使各種跨越教育和地理分界的移動成為可能。在國際學生的流動中建立和維持這一重要的位置是一項複雜的努力,中介者必須盡力彌合以贏利為目的的教育行業和學生及其家庭的社會生活之間的差距。通過聚焦於新西蘭自1990年代初期以來輸出教育活動的發展以及中介機構與國家、教育提供方和學生之間的關係變化,本文探討了中介機構在學生流動中的位置。我追溯了中介如何在學生流動和教育提供剛開放的初期出現,以及後來當政府更直接地干預和規範學生流動和教育質量後中介如何日益被納入到一個更正式的教育行業。在對中介角色進行總體概述的基礎上,本文又著重探討了在韓國國際學生流動中中介的特定活動和關係。本文最後強調,對中介機構和其它中人的研究需要更多地詳細關注這些行為人是如何斡旋於各種不同的關係之中的,這包括移民和教育行業之間、移民和學生社交網絡之間、以及變化中的國家的放開和干涉政策同新興的行業構成之間的關係。 Translated from English by Xin Huang
學生流動的組織:新西蘭的教育中介和學生移民
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