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Volume 83 – No. 1

Rethinking Belongingness in Korea: Transnational Migration, “Migrant Marriages” and the Politics of Multiculturalism

Timothy Lim

DOI: 10.5509/201083151

  • English Abstract
  • French Abstract

 

Korean identity-based on a conflation of race and ethnicity-has been generally accepted as an unquestioned fact and closely associated with rights to citizenship and belongingness in Korean society: “non-Koreans” have simply and unabashedly been excluded from membership in South Korea. However, the now three-decades-old surge in transnational migration is beginning to erode the once-solid myth of South Korea’s homogeneity, and with it, the taken-for-granted belief that the South Korea is only for Koreans. Moreover, the dramatic increase in international marriages, especially those between a Korean male and a “foreign bride,” bring an added dimension to transnational migration in South Korea, one in which questions of identity, citizenship, and belongingness must be directly addressed. The process of social transformation in Korea will be complex, contingent and profoundly political, involving multiple socio-political actors; increasing tensions along gender, racial, and class lines; and intense debates over the discourse and practices of citizenship, belonging and national identity. This paper argues that transnational migration-both of workers and foreign spouses-has already laid the basis for a significant change in long-held conception of Korean identity and belongingness. This is partly evidenced in the increasingly salient idea that Korea is now a “multicultural society.”

Repenser l’idée d’appartenance en Corée du Sud: migration transnationale, “mariages entre migrants” et les politiques du multiculturalisme

Fondée sur un amalgame raciale et ethnique, l’identité coréenne a généralement été acceptée dans la société coréenne comme un fait accompli et associée étroitement aux droits de citoyenneté et d’appartenance. “Les non-coréens” furent simplement et ouvertement exclus de cette appartenance à la Corée du Sud. Néanmoins, la montée de la migration transnationale, datant maintenant de plus de trois décennies, commence à éroder le mythe autrefrois bien ancré de l’homogénéïté de la Corée, et de la croyance profonde que ce pays était uniquement pour les Coréens. En outre, l’augmentation flagrante de mariages internationaux, particulièrement ceux entre Coréens males et “épouses étrangères”, apporte à la Coree une nouvelle dimension à la migration internationale dans laquelle la question d’identité, de citoyenneté et d’appartenance doivent être soulevées. Le processus de transformation sociale sera complexe, aléatoire et très politique, engageant divers responsables socio-politiques. Il engendrera aussi des tensions croissantes d’ordre racial, sur la difference sexuelle et la différence de classes, ainsi que des débats sérieux sur le concept et les pratiques de la citoyenneté, d’appartenance et d’identité nationale. Cet article soutient que la migration transnationale, autant les travailleurs que les épouses étrangères, a déjà érigé la base d’un changement important sur le concept ancestral de l’identité coréene et de l’appartenance. Ceci est en partie rendu évident par l’idée de plus en plus dominante d’une Corée qui se transforme en une société multiculturelle.

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An International Review of Asia and the Pacific

School of Public Policy and Global Affairs

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