The Limits of the Multiple Institutionalization of Border Control: A Case Study of Immigration, Customs, and the Indonesian Maritime Security Agency in Batam, Indonesia

This article explores the limits of the multiple institutionalization of border control within the context of the Singapore-Johor-Riau Islands (SIJORI) interregional border, providing a detailed examination of three border control institutions, i.e. immigration, customs, and the Indonesian Maritime Security Agency (BAKAMLA: Badan Keamanan Laut Republik Indonesia) in Batam, Riau Islands Province, Indonesia. This article asks why, in a region with high institutional density and rapid economic growth, illicit practices remain omnipresent, and finds that this stems from incompatible border institution design and overemphasis on individual organizational interests. We find that individual institutions’ tendencies to focus on their own goals compromises the common goal of security that justifies their presence. This has been exacerbated by the historical legacy of sectoral egotism that continues to divide Indonesia’s public institutions.

边境管制的多元制度化的局限：印度尼西亚巴旦岛移民、海关以及印度尼西亚海洋安全局案例研究

关键词：巴旦；印度尼西亚；边境管制；移民；海关；印度尼西亚海洋安全局 (BAKAMLA)。

本论文探讨了新加坡-柔佛-廖内群岛地区间边境背景下边境管制的多元制度化的局限，提供了对印度尼西亚廖内群岛省巴旦岛移民、海关和印度尼西亚海洋安全局(BAKAMLA: Badan Keamanan Laut Republik Indonesia) 等三种边境管制制度进行的详细考察。本论文提出，为什么在一个制度密度非常高、经济发展非常快的地区，违法的实践却还无处不在？ 并且发现问题的根源在于边境制度设计与过于重视个体组织利益之间的不配适。我们发现，个体组织关注他们自己组织目标的倾向破坏了安全的共同目标。这种情况又被仍在继续割裂印度尼西亚公共制度的部门利己主义的历史传统所进一步恶化。

Translated from English by Li Guo