Juan Zhang
The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
Brenda S.A. Yeoh
National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
Keywords: casinos, fun, discipline, urbanism, biopolitical borders, Singapore, integrated resorts, tourism, gambling
DOI: 10.5509/2017904701
This paper interrogates the exclusionary politics of casino urbanism in Singapore, especially in terms of how this particular brand of urbanism reproduces disciplinary regimes through the uneven consumption of fun and leisure. Singapore’s vision of becoming a world-class “state of fun” is accompanied by increasingly sophisticated measures of boundary making between global leisure citizens and the excluded others, often comprised of the working class and those deemed to be at risk or lacking self-control and responsibility. The evolving biopolitical borders coincide with the multiple borders set up around Singapore’s casino spaces, ensuring the exclusive consumption of Singapore’s casino urbanism by the wealthy few. The fun regimes help to normalize social exclusion, moralize disciplinary control, and give legitimacy to the new class of global consumers under the operations of the state-capital apparatus. This paper argues that exclusive casino urbanism has broader social and political implications on issues of equality, accessibility, and urban participation.
乐趣之国？新加坡排他性的赌场都市主义和它的生物—政治边界
关键词：赌场，乐趣，规训，都市主义，生物—政治边界，新加坡。
本论文检视了新加坡赌场都市主义的排斥性政治，特别关注了这种特殊类型的都市主义是怎样通过对乐趣和闲暇的不均等的消费，再造出规训制度。新加坡将自己打造为世界级“乐趣之国”的愿景是与在能享受闲暇的全球公民和被排除在闲暇生活之外的他者，特别是工人阶级和那些被认定有风险或是缺少自控能力和责任感的公民之间日益复杂细致的设立边界的方法相伴而生的。演进中的生物—政治边界与新加坡环赌场空间设立的边界是重合的，以确保新加坡赌场都市主义中少数富人排他性的闲暇消费。通过赌场， 种种乐趣制度将社会排斥加以正常化， 将规训式的控制道德化，并为在国家资本机器运作下的新兴的全球性消费者赋予了合法性。本文提出，排他性的赌场都市主义对于平等、可供尽可能多的人使用性以及都市生活参与等问题上都产生了更为深远的社会和政治影响。
Translated from English by Li Guo