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Volume 82 – No. 4

Thin Rule of Law or Un-Rule of Law in Myanmar?

Nick Cheesman

DOI: 10.5509/2009824597

  • English Abstract
  • French Abstract

 

The rhetorical force of the rule of law is acknowledged through official discourse in Myanmar just as it is in other countries across Asia and around the world. Given that Myanmar manifestly does not conform to substantive models of the rule of law, which are associated with democratic government and individual liberties, might it conform to a minimalist one? Is there in Myanmar a thin rule of law to which the military government can lay claim, one compatible even with grave abuses of human rights? Or is there only “un-rule of law”? Beginning with some theoretical concerns, this article passes briefl y through a review of law and rule-of-law rhetoric in the country’s modern history before arriving at the present day. It recounts a court case arising from a recent historic event, the September 2007 antigovernment protests, to query whether or not a thin rule of law can, in Myanmar at least, be said to coexist with authoritarian rule. It concludes that it cannot. But if the army in Myanmar has succeeded in overwhelming the courts at cost of the rule of law, ironically in doing this it may also have averted a worse scenario, one in which the denial of fundamental rights for which it is well known could be even greater than at present.

L’Autorité d’une loi affaiblie ou d’une contre-autorité à la loi à Myanmar?

Le pouvoir de rhétorique sur l’autorité de la loi à Myanmar est admis aussi bien dans le discours officiel du pays que dans les autres pays d’Asie et du reste du monde. Étant donné que Myanmar ne se conforme forcément pas à des modèles fondamentaux de l’autorité de la loi, généralement associés aux gouvernements démocratiques et aux libertés individuelles, se conformerait-il pour autant à un modèle “minimaliste? Existe-il à Myanmar une autorité de loi affaiblie que le gouvernement militaire se peut de revendiquer, un modèle compatible à celui d’une démocratie malgré des abus graves des droits de la personne? Ou bien existe-il une contre-autorité à la loi? En débutant par des considérations théoriques, cet article fait le bilan sur l’état de la justice et sur la rhétorique de l’autorité de la loi dans l’histoire contemporaine du pays jusqu’à ce jour. Faisant allusion à un procès au sujet d’un incident historique récent, c’est-à-dire, les manifestations anti-gouvernementales de septembre2007, cet article cherche à savoir si on peut affirmer que l’autorité d’une loi affaiblie peut réellement coexister avec un régime autoritaire, tout au moins à Myanmar. Il en ressort que c’est une proposition inconcevable. Mais si par son refus de respecter les droits fondamentaux dont elle est légendaire, l’armée de Myanmar a néanmoins réussi à triompher des tribunaux aux dépends de l’autorité de la loi, elle a peut-être évité par cet acte un scénario bien plus désastreux qui aurait pu avoir des conséquences plus graves qu’à présent.

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