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Volume 81 – No. 1

Jathika Hela Urumaya and Ethno-Religious Politics in Sri Lanka

Neil DeVotta and Jason Stone

DOI: 10.5509/200881131

  • English Abstract
  • French Abstract

 

Sri Lanka’s April 2004 parliamentary elections were a watershed because for the first time a political party comprised solely of Buddhist monks contested the polls. Despite being created just two months before the elections and generating passionate debate over the appropriateness of Buddhist monks participating directly in politics, the Jathika Hela Urumaya (JHU), or National Heritage Party, fielded over 260 candidates and won nine seats. The party claimed it wanted to institute a righteous society; yet its goals and policies were similar to those advocated by other Buddhist nationalist groups and seemed set to complicate further the attempt to end the island’s civil war. Nearly four years later the JHU’s politicking has tarnished its members’ reputations and the Buddhist clergy’s image. Indeed, it appears the JHU may be an epiphenomenon and its rise the apogee of political Buddhism, which has dominated Sri Lankan politics for the past fifty years. The Buddhist clergy has, for better or worse, been involved in Sri Lanka’s affairs for a long period of time. From that standpoint, the JHU is not necessary for Sri Lankan Buddhist nationalism; its weakened status and even demise are unlikely to especially affect the island’s war and peace trajectories.

Jathika Hela Urumaya et les politiques ethno-religieuses au Sri Lanka

Les élections parlementaires d’avril 2004 du Sri Lanka furent un moment critique, car pour la première fois un parti politique comprenant uniquement des moines bouddhistes contestèrent les scrutins. Bien que crée deux mois à peine avant les élections, et générant un débat politique passionné, le Jathika Hela Urumaya (JHU), ou le parti du Patrimoine national, présenta 260 candidats et emporta neuf sièges. Le parti avance qu’il voulait instituer une société juste. Or, ses objectifs et ses politiques étaient similaires à ceux prônés par d’autres groupes nationalistes bouddhistes, et semblèrent sertir à compliquer advantage les tentatives d’un cessez-le-feu de la guerre civile sur l’ile. Presque quatre ans après, les politiques du JHU ont terni la réputation de ses membres et l’image du clergé bouddhiste. Certes, il semble que le JHU purrait etre un épiphénomène, ainsi que sa montée dans l’apogée du bouddhisme politique, qui a dominé les politiques du Sri Lanka depuis cinquante ans. Le clergé bouddhiste a, pour le meilleur et pour le pire, été impliqué depuis trés longtemps dans les affaires d’État du Sri Lanka. De par ce fait, le JHU n’est pas essentiel au bouddhisme national du Sri Lanka; son statut en déclin et même sa disparition, sont peu probables d’affecter d’un manière ou autre l’évolution de la guerre et la paix de l’ile.

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